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ADHD Medications – What Are the Side Effects? Many people suffering from ADHD are prescribed medication. It can improve symptoms but it can also trigger adverse effects. If you experience adverse reactions, consult your GP about them. The most common prescription medication prescribed by healthcare providers for ADHD is stimulants. These drugs increase the amount of brain chemicals referred to as neurotransmitters, which control the attention span and behavior. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a first-choice stimulant used to treat ADHD in children and adults. It is effective by increasing the activity in brain areas that regulate behavior and attention. Methylphenidate can also be used to treat other conditions such as the condition known as narcolepsy. It may help people with Narcolepsy remain awake throughout the day and improve their ability to concentrate and pay attention. This medication could have a high potential for abuse and is classified as to be a Schedule II drug by the US Drug Enforcement Agency. The medication is taken exactly as prescribed to reduce the risk of abuse and the adverse negative effects. Methylphenidate can cause psychotic symptoms in some people. It can also increase the severity of the behavior and tics of people with Tourette syndrome or bipolar disorder. Before beginning this medication, people with these conditions must tell their doctor. It is important to inform your doctor if there are any other health issues or are allergic to any food or dyes (such as tartrazine, a yellow color found in some processed foods as well as some medicines or if you're taking Adhansia XR). Methylphenidate may interact with certain medications, such as opioid medicines antidepressants and monoamine oxide inhibitors, like isocarboxazid (Marplan) Linezolid (Zyvox) and methylene blue, phenelzine (Nardil), rasagiline (Azilect), selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam, Zelapar) or tranylcypromine (Parnate). Avoid drinking alcohol and other stimulants while taking methylphenidate. These drugs can affect your heart rate or blood pressure. The immediate-release methylphenidate tablet (Ritalin) as well as the long-acting oral disintegrating capsule and chewable tablet (Quillichew-ER and Cotempla XR-ODT) as well as the long acting chewable tablets (Quillichew-ER and Cotempla XR-ODT), contain phenylalanine. This can be dangerous if a genetic condition known as phenylketonuria is present. Bupropion Bupropion, an antidepressant drug, works in the brain and improves mood. It also helps reduce symptoms of ADHD. It can also be used to treat depression and seasonal affective disorder (SAD) which is a kind of depression that occurs in autumn-winter. It is also used to help people quit smoking by reducing cravings for nicotine and withdrawal symptoms. A number of studies conducted on adults have demonstrated that bupropion improves ADHD symptoms when compared to placebo. The fixed-effect RR pooled for improvement in week 6 (using a clinically meaningful change of 30 percent or more on a CGI scale) is 1.14 (95 percent CI 0.95 to 1.37) and, for overall response, the proportion of better subjects was 52 percent in the bupropion treatment group compared with 37 percent in the placebo group. Bupropion could cause serious and sometimes life-threatening interactions several different drugs, including sedatives antidepressants, and blood pressure drugs. It may also increase the risk of seizures for those with a history of seizures or high blood pressure. It is not recommended in certain medical conditions, and women who are pregnant or nursing are not advised to take it. Bupropion is available in the form of brand-name drugs Wellbutrin SR and Wellbutrin XL. It is also available as Zyban, Budeprion SR. Aplenzin and Forfivo XL. It is also available as generic drug. Tricyclic antidepressants Tricyclic antidepressants (abbreviated TCAs) are a group of drugs that affect brain chemicals. They were among the first antidepressants to be developed. Although they aren't considered a first-line treatment for depression however, they could still be effective for some people. They block the reuptake of dopamine and serotonin, increasing their availability within neurons. They are also helpful in reducing the symptoms of other ailments, such as pain syndromes and enuresis like fibromyalgia or phantom leg syndrome. TCAs can be effective in treating ADHD symptoms, regardless of whether they are administered on their own or combined with stimulants. They can improve core symptoms, and can reduce anxiety, depression and impulsiveness. They can also assist in managing the tics. They are uncontrollable repeated actions or sounds like blinking or throat clearing. TCAs can cause adverse effects, such as dry mouth and sedation and increase the risk of developing cardiovascular problems. They can interact with other medications, like anticholinergics, and should be avoided by pregnant women. They can also be teratogenic for animals and may cross the placenta. Consult your doctor if concerned. There are newer antidepressants that have a lower risk of side effects. Selective serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) SSRIs are antidepressants that inhibit serotonin reuptake by neuronal cells and increase the amount of serotonin for signaling. They also help reduce anxiety and impulse-driven behavior. They are utilized to treat adhd because they can help some people suffering from their symptoms and can work in conjunction with other drugs. SSRIs include fluoxetine, sertraline paroxetine, and citalopram. They have linear pharmacokinetics and have a low clearance from the human body. However they are extensively processed by CYP450 enzymes within the liver. This results in blood concentrations that fluctuate. These drugs can also be prescribed to treat other disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as generalized anxiety disorder, and bulimia nervosa. The SSRIs fluoxetine, escitalopram, and sertraline may help reduce PTSD symptoms. However, they don't appear to be effective in treating other PTSD symptoms. The SSRIs may cause an uncommon side effect of sexual dysfunction. If you are thinking about taking one of these medications it is essential to consult your doctor. It is typical for people to to test a variety of ADHD medication before they can find the one that works best for them. The development and research of new medication is ongoing. It is essential to inform your healthcare provider about all medications you take. Selective norepinephrine Reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) If stimulant medications do not work for adults with ADHD doctors prescribe a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibit (SNRI). These medications increase levels of norepinephrine and serotonin, two brain chemicals. They also improve mood, reduce depression and anxiety. SNRIs have similar side effects to TCAs but are safer. They are used for many ailments like anxiety disorders, chronic pain such as fibromyalgia, as well as nerve pain. They are also sometimes utilized as an additional treatment for depression. The SNRIs are duloxetine (Cymbalta) and venlafaxine, (Effexor). These drugs block the reabsorption process of norepinephrine within the brain that is a normal procedure following neurotransmission. This causes a greater than normal phasic release. The increase in norepinephrine helps increase concentration and mood. SNRIs have not been approved by the FDA for the treatment of ADHD However, certain doctors prescribe them as an alternative stimulant. They are typically taken orally in the form of pills, but they can be taken in the form of patches or liquids. The FDA approved an oral SNRI called viloxazine, or Qelbree, to treat ADHD among children and adolescents in April 2021. It is not a controlled substance since it doesn't have the potential of being abused. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) SNRIs are antidepressants that alter the levels of serotonin as well as norepinephrine in the brain. They are used to treat depression and anxiety disorders, but they can aid in the treatment of symptoms of ADHD. SNRI drugs like duloxetine or venlafaxine have been shown in several studies to significantly decrease scores on different ADHD questionnaires. SNRIs can increase blood pressure or interact with certain medications. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor before taking these drugs. Additionally, improperly disposed medication could cause harm to people and animals. Therefore, it is essential to follow the correct disposal instructions. SSRIs or SNRIs haven't been approved by the FDA for treating ADHD However, doctors may prescribe them off-label. They are safe, effective and have less side effects than stimulants. Talk with your doctor about your child's symptoms and discuss the pros and cons of these medications. medication for adults with add can raise the body's levels of serotonin as well as norepinephrine but are not suitable for all. Women who are pregnant or nursing should stay clear of taking SNRIs because they can be absorbed through breast milk. They should also not be used by those with high blood pressure, liver problems, or other cardiovascular conditions. medication for adults with add (DARPIs) Many people who suffer from ADHD find that medication helps increase their focus and concentration. They might also experience less impulsive behaviors. The medication is often combined with behavioral therapy and training to help individuals learn how to control their symptoms. Finding the right medication for each patient requires time. During this time doctors will be monitoring the physical reactions of patients to find a balance between benefits and side effects. Drugs that stimulate the brain, like methylphenidate can increase the activity of a specific brain chemicals that control memory and concentration. While they are generally safe and effective for the majority of people, they can trigger serious side effects such as diminished appetite and sleep problems. These side effects usually subside within a few days as your body gets used to the medication. Adults and children can also take non-stimulant medications. They may take longer to effect their effects but they can enhance the ability to control impulses and concentration. They include alpha-2-adrenergic antagonists (atomoxetine and viloxazine), as well as the guanfacine. Antidepressants also help with ADHD. They can increase norepinephrine which is a neurotransmitter found in the brain that aids in impulsive behaviors and depression. Bupropion is an example of an antidepressant employed to treat ADHD. It was initially prescribed “off-label” for ADHD however, drug makers eventually came up with extended-release versions and the FDA approved it as a treatment option for this disorder.